'Dae&mav;udk bufcf vdkYac:ygw,f
rnfonfhae&ma'oxufrqdk vQdKU0SufwJh
ae&mav;wpfckaygh
cGifhjyKxm;wmawGu odyfawmhr&Sdygbl;
'gayr,fh 'DausmufwHk;yHkMuD;awGxuf
ydkNyD;tHhMop&maumif;wJht&mawGyJ
'Dub0awGuawmh tHhMozG,f&mygyJ
eSvHk;pGrf;&nfedrfhyg;wJholawGtwGufawmhr[kwfygbl;
vltrsm;pkuawmh "g;eJYwdkufcdkufwmawG 'grSr[kwf awmifwufwmawG
udk0goemygMuw,f uRefawmfwdkYteSpfoufqHk;t&muawmh
e*g;pD;jydKifyGJvdkY
ac:wJhjydKifyGJav;yg
pdwfraumif;ygbl; zpfvuf*f rif; vdkcsifvdkYvm;
paemhatmuf 'guigh&JU[myJav
'DrSm&NyD abbD
'DaeY rif;t&rf;udkawmfaew,fvdkY igajymcJhrdao;vm;
rif; wu,fvnf;awmfaevdkYyg
vkyfyg b&ufzf
'DrSm tykwfeHYawGxGufaeNyD
r[kwfbl; rif;udkrkef;aewkef;yJ
'Dae&mudkazmufcGJvdkuf&atmif
aumif;NyD
vkyfxm;
'gyJ
tjrTmeSpfa,muftwGuf udk;aumifajrmufyJ
tufpx&pfvuf*fu oHk;aumif
zpfvuf*f eJY paemhatmufwdkY wpfaumifrSr&ao;ygbl;
NyD;awmh [pfuwf udkawmh
rawGU&ao;ygbl;
pum;vHk;tMuD;MuD;awGajymNyD; olUudkajcmufvTwfvdkufwmrvm; pwdGKufcf
bmvkyfaewmvJ paemhatmuf
olwdkYtcktedkif&awmhr,f
olu igh&JUrif;orD;yJav olvdkcsifwmbmyJjzpfjzpfol&rSmyJ
&lzefYvm; ol rif;udk t&SifvwfvwfajrjrSKyfzdkYMudK;pm;cJhwmr[kwfbl;vm;
em&Dtenf;i,favmufygyJ
Munfhvdkufygtkef;
tck 'DrSm e*g;awG
enf;enf;awmh jyóemwufavh&Sdygw,f
'gayr,fh 'guvnf;vGefcJhwJhig;eSpfavmufuyg
tck olwdkYtm;vHk;ajymif;vJukefMuygNyD
NyD;awmh wu,fyJ olwdkYbmaMumifhrajymif;vJMuwmvJ
uRefawmfwdkYrSm wduswJh"avhxHkwrf;&Sdw,f
eSpfouf&mudkpm;oHk;edkifwJh tpm;taomuf&HkawG
e*g;awGa&csdK;zdkYtjynfht00efaqmifrIay;xm;wmawG
ta&;MuD;qHk;jzpwfwJh rD;ab;umuG,fa&;awG
uRefawmfhtwGuf uRefawmfajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh
tcsdefusNyD *lbm
[kwfNyD aemufqHk;tywfaemf
odk;rnf; vkyfxm; pwGefzvdkif;
igwdkY 'DjydKifyGJudktekdif&edkifao;w,f
vkyfxm; b&ufzf oGm;&atmif
oGm; rpfvuf*f
oGm;r,f oGm;r,f
rif;twGuf MuD;us,fwJhtcdkuftwefYygyJ
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;ysHoef;edkifygap
wuf wuf wuf wuf
aumif;w,f rpfvuf*f
'DrSm &NyD 'gvif igh[mu wpfq,fwefw,faemf
[kwfw,f odk;rnf;
rif;wkdYawG &lzefYtwGufwdkufcdkufaeMuwmvm;
-igu tedkif&awmhrSm -igwdkYtwlwlatmifyGJcHrSmyg
-tck ighudkb,folrSmrwm;qD;edkifawmhbl; -iguvGJ&ifaygh
igwdkYu wG,fwmaeMuwmyJ
qufcdk;zdkYrMudK;pm;awmheJY
igh&JUbkef;wefcdk;twGuf
olwdkYudkeSdrfeif;vdkufprf; tufpx&pf igh&JUbkef;wefcdk;twGuf
tNrJwrf; zsufqD;aeMuyJav odk;r&&if bkef;wefcdk;qdkwmvnf;r&Sdb;
&NyD
tufpx&pf
aumif;vdkufwm
'gu igh&JUacR;ravmif;av;yJuG
cGifhjyKygtkef;
pwGefzvdkif;
'gu q,fhoHk;aumifajrmufyJ
tufpx&pf tedkif&oGm;ygNyD
[kwfygw,f bufcfu jynfhpHkwJhae&mav;ygyJ
uRefawmfMudK;pm;orQtwGufvnf; xdkufxdkufwefwefjyef&ygw,f
NyD;awmh 'guaumif;wJht&mwpfckygyJ
e*g;ausmukef;ay:u Adkufuif;awGaMumifh
urÇmMuD;u ydkMuD;us,fcrf;em;vmwmyg
b,fvdkxifvJ aumifav;
rif; 'gudkaemufwpfacgufavmufvkyfcsifao;vm;
wGwfvyfpf tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
toifhyJvm;
wu,fudktHhMozG,f&mygyJ
tHhtm;oifhaevdkYr&awmhbl;
wGwfvyfpf
b,furSef;rodbl; xGufvmwmyJ
'DrSm rif;av[kefpD;wmudkvkyf&tkef;r,f aumifav;
tjrD;udk aomhcwfxm;wmu
xl;cRefpGm u,fwifedkifzdkYtwGufyJrvm;
igwdkY aemufxyfwpfae&mudkxyfawGUNyDxifwmyJ aumifav;
bmvJ rif;utawmif;yefcHcsifaewmvm;
'gaMumifh rif;u pdwfaumufae&wmvm;
aumifMuD;
aumif;NyD; 'gav;prf;Munfhygtkef;
rif;ckxd pdwfaumufaewkef;yJvm;
igheSvHk;om;xJuudk aemifw&atmifvkyfaewmvm;
[kwfNyD vmprf;yg vmprf;
rif;ajcwpfzufyJ&SdwJhaumifudkawmh emusifatmifrvkyfavmufygbl;
rif;rSefygw,f rif;rSefygbl;
rif;tedkif&ygNyD tedkif&NyD
ol vJusoGm;NyD
tm;&kyfqdk;vdkufwm
e*g;awGeJY Adkufuif;awG
&efoljyefjzpfukefNyD
cg;cg;oD;oD;wdkufcdkufMur,f
'gu a&csdK;ay;aewmr[kwfbl;qdkwm rif;odygw,f
'Dawmh igwdkY'Dae&mudkb,fvdktrnfay;rvJ
]]tpfcsDtrfypf}} vm;
b,fvdkxifvJ aumifav;
opfawmxJrSm opfvHk;tdrfav;awG awGUr,fvdkYxifvm;
ausmufwHk;awGMum;rSm aoqHk;aewJholawG&SdaerSmvm;
b,folodrSmvJ igwdkYaemufxyftrsufxGufaewJh
olawGeJYvnf; aemufqHk;ajc&mcHrdedkifwmyJ
wpfckckrjzpfedkifbl;vm;
'Dawmh bmajymtkef;rvJ
qufoGm;rvm;
r*Fvmyg rdkifav'D
-b,fawGoGm;aewmvJ -[dkif;
jydKifyGJ0ifjydKifaewmaygh bm&Sdtkef;rSmvJ
wu,far;&rSmu
eif b,fawGoGm;aewmvJ
-igh&JUtazudka&Smifaewmyg -tck bmawGjzpfaevJ
eif 'D[mav;udkoabmusrSmyg
igtdyf,medk;vmwJhtcsdefwkef;u aeuvnf;omaew,f
tqdk;&Gm;qHk;t&mawG
acgifrdk;ay:rSmtoifhMudKaewmyJ
urÇmMuD;eJY yufoufwJhtrSefw&m;awGukd
pOf;pm;awG;awm&if; reufpmpm;aewJhtcsdefrSm a&mufvmawmhwmyJ
]]om;av; tazwdkYpum;ajymrSjzpfr,f}}
]]tckrajymao;eJY taz uRefawmf pwifNyD;aqmif&GufzdkY
wpfaeYvHk;tcsdef&ygw,f}}
tdkau yxrqHk;
ig 'Dvdkt&mrsdK;udkoabmrusbl; 'gu bmoabmvJ
NyD;awmh 'kwd,u
ighudktm;udk;NyD; rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ
[kwfw,f 'guwu,fudk o&kyfaqmifaewJholwpfa,mufjzpfatmifqGJaqmifaewmyJ
bmyJjzpfjzpf oluawmhqufajymwmyJ
]]rif;u bufcf&JU *kPfodu©myJom;av;}}
NyD;awmh iguawmh*kPfr,ledkifbl;}} aus;Zl;yJ taz
uRefawmfhudkuRefawmfawmh txifMuD;ygw,f
igh&JUvufeJY b,fwkef;uvkyfcJhvdkYwkef;
eifvkyfcJhwmyJav
tdkau 'gu
aetkef;
wu,ftwnfajymaewm
]]rif;vnf;t&G,fa&mufvmNyD}}
]]NyD;awmh acgif;aqmifawGqufcHoludkrawmif;qdkuwnf;u}}
-]]rif;udkacgif;aqmifwifzdkY igqHk;jzwfNyD;oGm;NyD}} -bk&m;a&
[pfuwf 'gutHhMop&myJ
eif py&if;udGKifawG0wfqif&awmhr,f
trSwftom;vkyfxm;wmawGu wu,fudktxdtcdkufrcHwmyJ
[kwfNyD 'Dawmh 'gu
ig&ifqdkifae&wJht&myJ
eif olUudkbmjyefajymvdkufvJ
bmrSrajymcJhygbl;
ol aemufvSnfhvdkufwJhtcsdefrSmyJ igxGufvmcJhwm
aumif;NyD 'guwm0ef,l&rSmawGtrsm;MuD;yJ
ajryHkuawmh &yfem;xm;&rSmaocsmaeNyD
NyD;awmh eift&rf;tvkyf&IyfNyDqdkwmeJY
igu wGwfvyfpfeJY ysHoef;&awmhrSmyJ 'gayr,fh
igr[kwfbl; tufpx&pf
rdefYcGef;awGajymwm 'D&GmudkpDrHtkyfcsKyfwmawGu
olUudpöawGyg
eif t"dut&mudkarhaew,fvdkYxifwmyJ
igajymcsifwmu acgif;aqmifqdkwm
*kPf,lp&myg
igawmifpdwfvIyf&Sm;w,f
igu eifhvdkrsdK;r[kwfbl;av
eifu eifh&JUjzpfwnf&mudkodw,f
eiftNrJodcJhwmyg 'gayr,fh
igu &SmazGaewkef;yJ&Sdao;w,f
olu igh&JUtazr[kwfbl;qdkwmigodygw,f
Nyd;awmhigh&JUtarudkvnf;wpfcgawmifrawGUcJhzl;bl;
'Dawmh 'guightwGufbmxl;rSmvJ
eif&SmazGaewJht&mu tjyifavmurSmr&Sdbl; [pfuyf
&ifbufxJrSm&Sdwm
eifckxdrjrifedkifao;wmvnf;jzpfedkifygw,f
jzpfekdifygw,f
'gayr,fh
tJh'drSm wpfckck&Sdaew,f
[pfuyf
eD;eD;uyfuyfaeyg
'DrSmbmawGjzpfysufcJhwmvJ
aumif;NyD at;aq;vkyfyg
[pfuyf
-ypf -tufpx&pf owdxm;
[pfuyf
tjrD;udkowdxm;
ajcaxmufawGudkMudK;eJYwkwfvdkuf
-igawG;xm;wJht&myJvm; -&yfprf;
pwGefzvdkif;
cifAsm; bmvkyfaewmvJ
aemufwpfacgufjyefvmNyD
igh&JUydkufeufudk npfnrf;atmifvkyfaew,f
'gu pdwfqdk;a'goxGufaewmyJ
aumif;zdkYtwGuf olwdkYtm;vHk; xGufcGmoGm;cJhwJhyHkyJ
ydkNyD;aumifrGefzkdYtwGuf igwdkY&JUuHawG
jyefaumif;vmwJhyHkyJ uav;wdkY
'&m*dk uolU&JUe*g;ppfwyfxJu
wpfaumifawmhrjzpfekdifbl;
e*g;ppfwyf[kwfvm;
'DrSm uRefawmfwdkYbmwpfckrS'ku©ra&mufapcsifbl;
igwdkY&JUe*g;awGtm;vHk; cdk;,lroGm;cif
NyD;awmh igwdkY&JUe,fajrawGrSmaoG;rpGef;cifrSm
rif; 'DvdkawG;cJhoifhw,f
-trSefyJ -[kwfw,f Munfhvdkufygtkef;
cPaeygtkef;
cifAsm; bmawGajymaewmvJ
'gudkuRefawmfwdkYvkyfcJhw,fvdkYxifaewmvm;
e*g;awGudk jyefvnfu,fwifzdkYcdk;0ifNyD;
aqmif&Gufr,fh e*g;pD;eif;olawGr&SdwJhtcsdefrSm
e*g;axmufajcmufawGudkcufcufcJcJvkyfaqmifxm;wmyJ bmawGaumif;rSmrvdkYvJ
aemufxyf e*g;pD;eif;olawG&Sdaeao;wmvm;
raeYnu rif;&JUrdwfaqGolcdk;awGtjyifvm; ajymprf;yg
rif;wdkYrSm
a&cJatmifvkyfaqmifedkifwJh e*g;awG&Sdaeedkifygw,f
'gayr,fh igwdkY&ydkifcGifha0pkvnf;&Sdao;w,f
'&m*dk bvuf'fApftaMumif; igwdkY&Sif;jyaewmudk
rif; b,fvdkxifvJ
bm '&m*dkvJ
cifAsm;ajymwmu t"dyÜg,fa&m&Sd&JUvm;
reufjzef olU&JUppfwyftwGuf e*g;topfawG o,faqmifzdkY
arQmfvifhaewmyJ
NyD;awmh e*g;awGuqifajcqifvufawGvnf;ay;aerSmr[kwfbl;
aemufqHk;wpfacguf ig
vufAvmeJYoGm;cJhwJhtcsdefwkef;u ol ighudkqufqHcJhwJhyHkyJ
tem*wfrSm ydkNyD;&IyfaxG;rIawGjzpfatmif ol uwday;cJhw,f
aumif;NyD 'DrSm uRefawmfwdkYe*g;olcdk;awGtaMumif;vnf;rodbl;
a&cJawGrIwfxkwfedkifwJh e*g;awGvnf;rodbl;
NyD;awmh cifAsm;&JU&l;aewJholaX;udka&m
olU&JUe*g;ppfwyfudka&mrodbl;[kwfNyDvm;
uRefawmfwdkY&JU e*g;udkyJjyefay;yg NyD;&if uRefawmfwdkYxGufoGm;r,f
xl;qef;vdkufwm igwdkYwpfcgrSrqHkzl;wJh &efvdkwJholrsdK;yJ
igh&JUtjyKtrIawGua&m b,fa&mufukefwmvJ
igu tD&wfyg
tD&wf &JUom;awmfyJ
e*g;t&Sifzrf;wJhae&mrSm txl;cRefqHk;olwpfa,mufyJ
-[kwfygNyD -bmyJjzpfjzpf
a'goxGufaewmudk xdef;csKyfedkifwJholawmhr[kwfygbl;
NyD;awmh olUemrnfuawmh wGwfvyfpfyg
uRefawmfwdkYckoGm;awmhr,fvdkY olajymaew,f
olwdkYtm;vHk;'DvdkajymwmyJ
pwGef;zvdkf; vm
oGm; oGm;
rif;wdkY
tJh'de*g;awGudkb,fawmhrS xdef;odrf;xm;vdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;
igajymwmMum;vm;
olwdkYtm;vHk;twGuf '&m*dkMuD;vmaeNyD
vkyfxm; rpfvuf*f
a[h pwdGKuf a[h aeaumif;&JUvm;
aeomwJhaeYav;yJ
-[vdk pydkufavmufofwu,fudkcrf;em;wJhjydKifyGJyJ -[kwfw,f
aqm&D; rpötufcf
-olUudkawGUao;vm; -tckcsdefqdk olurÇmMuD;&JU
tpGef;wpfzufrSm ysHoef;aeavmufNyD
rif; 'Duav;udk 'D&Gmudk wu,fyJtkyfcsKyfapcsifwmvm;
rif; tem;,lzdkY tcsdefqGJxm;vdkY&ao;wmyJ
ol toifhjzpfaeygNyD rif;awGU&rSmyg
ol vmNyD
[kwfvm; bufcf&JU *kPfodu©m
aemufqHk;awmh tvkyfvkyfzdkYtwGuf a&mufvmwJholaygh
-aqm&D; cPaetkef; -taz
uRefawmfcPavmufpum;ajymvdkY&rvm;
rif; ighudkajymcsifwmwpfckck&SdvdkYvm;
taz awG;aewJhtaMumif;t&mawmhr[kwfygbl; 'gayr,fh ajymp&mawmh&Sdygw,f
vlawmfav;yJ
tck oifcef;pmopftaeeJY acgif;aqmif&JU yxrqHk;wm0efu
olU&JUjynfolawGudk
'Dawmh av;q,fhwpf
uRefawmfwdkYeSpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymvdkY&rvm;
-av;q,f -uRefawmfyg
uRefawmfyg uRefawmfu aemuwpfa,mufyJ
a[h igurif;a&SUuaemf
uRefawmfwdkY pum;ajymvdkY&r,fqdk&if
cGifhjyKyg uRefawmfwpf&ufvHk;'DrSmaeaewmyg
tdkau tdkau pyg;awGtrsm;MuD;eJY MuD;rm;wJhwdkufcef;MuD;
ydkifqdkifcGifh&Sdr,fh &mxl;MuD;MuD;wpfae&mudk igvdkcsifw,f
-aocsmwmaygh cifAsm;&NyDvdkYrSwfvdkufyg -taz 'guwu,fudk
0efMuD;tzGJUzGJUaewmxuf ydkNyD;ta&;MuD;w,faemf
eHywfeSpfoifcef;pmuawmh udk,fh&JUjynfolawGtwGuf
wm0efxrf;aqmifzdkY tcsdefa&mufvmcJh&if ao;i,fwJht&mqkdwmr&Sdbl;
-'gayr,fh taz -cGifhjyKygtkef;
-uRefawmfwdkYpum;ajymvdkY7rvm; -[kwfNyD a'goMuD;wJholyJ
yef;yJorm;udk aemufwpfMudrf vJusoatmifvkyfvdkufwmyJ
'gu a'goMuD;wJholyJ arG;pm;cHzdkY rif;oGm;&r,f
tdkau 'DrSm&NyD
taz 'gayr,fh wu,fta&;MuD;wmaemf
uRefawmfwdkYjzwfoef;vmcJhwJh e,fajropftaMumif;udk tazhudkajymjyrSjzpfr,f
aemufe,fajrwpfckvm; e*g;awGa&m&Sdvm;
uRefawmfwkdY&SmazGzdkY tcsdefr&vkdufbl;
tJh'duvlawGu azmfa&GwJhvlpm;awGr[kwfbl;av
wu,fyJvm;
rif;&JU a'gopdwfawGeJY aoapavmufwJh tpGrf;awGu
atmifyGJcHzdkY olwdkYudkr,laqmifvmcJhbl;vm;
[ifhtif; 'Dwpfcgurwlbl;
uRefawmfaysmfyg;zdkYtwGufa&mufvmwJh
awmifwufvrf;vdkrsdK;r[kwfbl;
tJh'dvlawGu axmifajcmufqifwJholawGyJ
e*g;axmifajcmufqifolawG
olwdkY&JU&JwdkufMuD;udk &SifawGUvdkuf&rSm
tm;vHk;ysufpD;aeNyD MuD;rm;vSwJha&cJhyHkMuD;xJrSm epfjrSKyfaewm
xl;qef;w,f
'DvdkrsdK; wpfcgrSrjrifzl;cJhbl;
tqdk;qHk;uawmh tJhvdkjzpfatmif uRefawmfwdkYvkyfcJhwmvdkYxifaewmyJ
rif;wdkY 'D&ufydkif;rSm udk,fhudkudk,f'ku©a&mufatmif
vkyfaeMuwmyJ
'DvkdaexdkifwJhyHkudkvnf; wpfa,mufrSav;pm;rSmr[kwfbl;
[kwfw,f *lbmajymwmrSefw,f om;av;
igwdkYudk,figwdkYtaumif;qHk;jzpfatmifvkyf&r,f
'ghtjyif rif;&JUtcsdefawGudk igwdkYtwGufta&;ygwJhae&mrSmtoHk;jyKyg
[kwfNyDvm;
igwdkY MuD;us,fcrf;em;wJhaMunmcsufwpfaqmifxkwfNyD;wmeJY
olwdkY e*g;ppfwyfzGJUpnf;aeMuwm
'grSr[kwf tenf;qHk;awmh olwdkYtJh'dtwGufvkyfaeMuwmyJ
]]'g*dkbvuf'Dzpf}} qdkvm bmqdkvm;yJ
ol igh&JUe*g;udkcdk;,lzdkYMudK;pm;&ifawmh
olU&JUrsufeSmudk ighvufeJY&dkufcGJypfr,f
iga&myJ
eifu t&l;wpfa,mufvdkygyJ
acsmarmvSywJht&l;av;
[kwfw,f
bvufApf vm; '&m*dk bvuf'fApfvm;
[kwfw,f aeygtkef;
taz olUudkodvdkYvm;
-e*g;awGtm;vHk;udk avSmiftdrfxJxnfhyg -bmjzpfvdkYvJ
*dwfwHcg;awGudkydwf
-rkefwdkif; wHcg;awGudkydwf -aeygtkef; aeygtkef;
-bmawGjzpfaewmvJ -vm
rif;wdkYajymwmMum;ygw,f ydwfvdkuf
ig trdefYray;rcsif;
e*g;awGa&m Adkufuif;awGa&m 'DuRef;ay:uae ajcwpfvSrf;rSrcGm&bl;
aeygtkef; ta0;wpfae&mtazodxm;wJholawGa&mufvmNyD;
'ku©ay;rSmaMumufvdkYvm;
'&m&dkbvuf'fApf qdkwm todOmPf tMuifemw&m;uif;rJhwJh
olwpfa,mufjzpfaewmaMumifhyg
NyD;awmh e*g;ppfwyfMuD;zGJUpnf;aewmqkd&if
bk&m;ocif igwdkYtm;vHk;udktultnDay;rSmyg
olwdkY&JUavSmiftdrfxJxnfhMuprf;
-jrefjrefvkyf -[kwf pwdk&pfcf
'gqdk&ifvnf; uRefawmfwdkYudk tJh'dae&mudkjyefoGm;cGifhay;yg
uRefawmfwdkY axmufajcmufqifolawGuaewqifh '&m*dkqDudkoGm;NyD
olUudk pum;ajymMur,fav
r&bl; igwdkY'DuRef;udkumuG,f&r,f
jidrf;csrf;a&;udkxdef;odrf;&r,fh uRefawmfwdkYwm0efyJav
jidrf;csrf;a&;uysufjym;oGm;NyD [pfuyf
-rif;udk ppfyGJtwGufjyifqifay;&r,f -ppfyGJ[kwfvm;
taz '&m&dku uRefawmfwdkYe*g;awGqDvmaewmqdk&if
olUudk 'Dxda&mufatmifapmifhaevdkYrjzpfbl;
olUudkoGm;&SmNyD; olYpdwfudkajymif;vJvdkuf&atmif
r&bl; tcsdKYpdwfoabmxm;awGu rajymif;vJedkifbl; [pfuyf
bufcf twGufyJrif;pdk;&drfp&m&Sdw,f
acgif;aqmifu udk,fh&JUjynfoludkumuG,f&r,fav
cdkifjrJatmifaocsmvkyf wHusifawGudkcsxm;
-[pfuyf rvkyfeJY -vkyf&rSmyJ
'Dbuf
jrefjref
[pfuyf
vkyfxm;
[pfuyf
rif;wdkYrsufvHk;awGudk&Sif&Sifxm;yg aumifav;wdkY
'DavwdkufEIef;eJYqdk&if arSmifwmeJY igwdkY '&m*dkukda&mufrSmyg
igwdkY 'DoabmFMuD;udke*g;awGeJYjynfhoGm;atmifvkyfMur,f jrefjref
wkHUqdkif;aezdkYtcsdefr&Sdbl;
tD&pf
igwdkY&JU acgif;awGudk,feJY
rjrJcsifawmh&ifaygh
ukef;ywfay:u z,f
olwdkYudkypfcsprf;
tay:b,fbufrSm eSpfaumifawmifrS
'DwpfMudrfawmh rif;vGwfawmhrSmr[kwfygbl;
ypf
usnfjyefjznfh usnfjyefjznfh
vmaeNyD usnfjyefjznfh 0ifvmaeNyD
wnfjidrfatmifvkyfMu rdwfaqGwdk
'DrSm igu
olvufAvmeJYjyefvmrSmudk pdk;&drfaewm
r[kwfygbl; cifAsm;twGufuHaumif;wJhaeYav;yJ
uRefawmfwdkYt&HI;ay;ygw,f
'Dwpfaumifuwmh edkufz,f&Dyg
aoapvdkufwJhtpGrf;eJY NyD;awmh
taemufzufurf;&JU taumif;qHk;e*g;awGyJ
cifAsm;&JU abmpfhudk pdwfauseyfatmifvkyfedkifavmufw,frvm;
cGihfjyKygtkef;
eif bmvkyfaewmvJ
wGwfvyfpf aeaeyg
e*g;awGu ae&musOf;wmus,fwmudk
*&krpdkufygbl; 'Dawmh olwdkYcifAsm;eJYaeekdifrSmyg
olwdkY bm'ku©rSay;rSmr[kwfbl;
cifAsm; 'Dvdkrvkyf&ifaygh
opfom;oabmF eJY yifv,fjyifMuD;rSm
cifAsm;wdkY a&ul;uRrf;&JUvm;
odyfawmhruRrf;bl;
arhawmhrvdkYyJ
tusOf;om;qdkwm vufeufrudkifaqmif&bl;av ighudkay;yg
b,fvdkpDpOfxm;vJ
e*g;zrf;olawG vdktyforQtukefygyJ
tvGefYtvGefrsm;jym;wJh wHawG;awGxJu tqHk;owfrSm "g;jym;av;ygw,f
aemufwpfzufuawmh yHk;uG,fvdkY&wJhaq;&nfyJ
tm;vHk;u rD;yGifhapedkifw,f
[kwfNyD 'DrSm&NyD
olwdkY&JUt&SifocifvdkY olwdkYbufurSwf,lvdkufwmeJY
tqdk;0g;qHk;aumifudkawmifavhusifhay;vdkY&w,f
[kwfw,frvm;
ighudkay;prf;
rif;bmupm;yGJawGvmcif;usif;aewmvJ
bmrSr[kwfygbl;Asm uRefawmfwdkY '&m*dkeJYawGUcsif&Hkav;wifygyJ
bmaMumifhvJ
e*g;awGeJY yufoufwJholU&JUpdwfxm;udk uRefawmfajymif;vJay;rvdkYyg
olu wu,fudkqGJaqmifedkifpGrf;&Sdolwpfa,mufjzpfedkifygw,f
cifAsm; olU&JUopöm&SdrIudkydkifqdkifoGm;wmeJY
e*g;awGu cifAsm;twGufrvkyfaqmifay;wJht&mqdkwm r&Sdawmhbl;
rif; 'Dub,folUpdwfudkrSajymif;vJedkifrSmr[kwfbl;
tck 'Dtcsdef 'Dae&mrSm rif;&JUpdwfudkajymif;vJedkifygw,f
uRefawmf
e*g;pDeif;olawG
ighudkcsay;prf;
paemhavmufof rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ
igb,fvdkvkyfNyD; umuG,f axmufyHhedkifawmhrSmvJ
'D ydkufuGefawGubmawGvJ
a[h owdxm; 'gawGu
eD;aeNyD
bk&m;a&
ighvdkyJ
ighudkac:oGm;yg
rypfeJY
cifAsm;wdkY 'DudkbmvmvkyfMuwmvJ
rif;udku,fwifzdkYtwGufaygh
uRefawmfhudku,fwifp&mrvdkygbl;
wdwfprf;
aumif;NyD rSm;,Gif;aewJh
oabmFudka&G;cs,fcJhwmr[kwfbl;rvm;
igutD&wfyJ
tD&wf
ig
ighay:uz,fprf;
b,folusefao;vJ
igvnf; 'gudkawG;aecJhwmyJ
wufawmh
tdrfjyefMur,f
r&bl;
wm0efrJhwJhvkyf&yfawGeJY
uRefawmfwdkY&JUe*g;awGudkumuG,fzdkY ppfyGJudkwm;qD;zdkY MudK;pm;aewmyg
b,fvdkvkyfNyD; wm0efrJhwJhvkyf&yfjzpf&wmvJ
ppfyGJqdkwmu oltvdk&SdwJht&mjzpfaevdkYaygh om;av;
vGefcJhwJheSpfaygif;rsm;pGmu igwdkYtm;vHk;&ifqdkifae&wJh
e*g;awGudkxdef;odrf;zdkYudpöudkaqG;aEG;zdkY acgif;aqmifydkif;awG pka0;cJhMuw,f
tJh'dcsdefrSmyJ xl;qef;wJhe,fajru olpdrf;wpfa,mufa&mufvmcJhw,f
e*g;om;a& 0wf&Hkudk0wfqifxm;NyD; trm&GwfawGudkzHk;uG,fxm;w,f
olu bmvufeufrSvnf;rudkifqdkifxm;bl;
NyD;awmh aysmhaysmif;nifompGmajymw,f
olu e*g;awG&JUtedkifusifhrIuae
vlom;rsdK;EG,fawG uif;vGwfapzdkY
jrSKyfeSHxm;wJh olwpfa,mufjzpfwJh
'&m*dkbvuf'fApf jzpfwJhtaMumif;ajymw,f
igwdkU tnHhcHNyD; olU&JUtrdefYudkemcH&if;
olwpfa,mufwnf; e*g;awGtm;vHk;udk xdef;csKyfedkifw,fqdkwJhtaMumf;
NyD;awmh olwpfa,mufwnf; igwdkYab;uif;atmif
apmifha&Smufedkifw,fvdkYajymw,f
rdkufrJvdkufwJholyJ
igwdkYvnf;&,farmcJhMuwmyJ
ol 0wf&HkMuD;udkz,f&Sm;NyD;
igr&SdyJ rif;wdkYb,fvdk
aqmif&GufrvJqdkwmudk Munfhr,fqdkNyD; olatmf[pfwJhtcsdefxdyJ
igrygyJ rif;wdkYb,fvdkvkyfr,fqdkwm Munfh&ao;wmaygh
&kwfw&ufyJ acgif;rdk;rD;avmifoGm;w,f
NyD;awmh tJh'dae&muae vufeufwyfqifxm;wJh e*g;awGqif;vmNyD
cef;rMuD;udk rD;avmifwdkufoGif;w,f
ig
wpfa,mufwnf;yJ vGwfajrmufcJhw,f
taMumif;jycsufr&SdyJ vlawGudkowfwJh vlwpfa,mufrSm taMumif;jycsufqdkwm&SdrSmr[kwfbl;
-jzpfedkifygw,f -[pfuyf
uRefawmfqufMudK;pm;r,f
uRefawmfu 'Dae&mrSmyJxl;cRefwmav
NyD;awmh uRefawmftazh&JUpdwfudk ajymif;vJoGm;atmifvkyfedkif&if
uRefawmfolUudkvnf;vkyfekdifrSmyJ
vm
-oGm;r,f -rvkyfeJY
bufcfudkjyefzdkY tjcm;olawGudkOD;aqmifoGm;
'DaeYtwGuf tmcHykefuefaewmawG rawGUcsifawmhbl;
ig 'gudkoabmusw,f
&lzefY
tdkau
pdwfrylygeJY aumifav;
rif;udk bmwpfckrSrxdcdkufap&ygbl;
ig uwday;ygw,f
taz&m
wu,fyJvm;
tdkau
&kwfw&ufMuD;rvIyf&Sm;eJYaemf
aetkef; xdef;xm;
wGwfvyfpf
a[h
cifAsm; uRefawmfhe*g;udkxm;cJhw,f
oludk,folrysHoef;edkifbl; oljyKwfusvdrfhr,f
a[h
uRefawmfhe*g;qDjyefoGm;rSjzpfr,f
cifAsm;u b,folvJ
e*g;olcdk;vm;
'&m&dkbvuf'fApf vm;
uRefawmfajymaewmudka&m
cifAsm;em;vnf&JUvm;
wGwfvyfpf
tqifajyygw,f tdkauw,f bmrSrjzpfbl;
rif;udkjyefawGU&wJhtwGuf0rf;omygw,f
rif;ighudk awmfawmfpdwfylaerSmyJ
jzpfedkifyghrvm;
'DavmufeSpfawGMumNyD;rS
b,fvdkvkyfNyD;jzpfekdifrSmvJ
uRefawmf
uRefawmfcifAsm;udkodvm;
rodygbl;
rif;uav;av;yJ&Sdao;wm
'gayr,fh rdcifqdkwmub,fawmhrSrarhygbl;
vmcJh
acgif;rmvdkufwJhaumif
olUtarvdkyJ
ol b,fawmhrSmvkyfcJhrSmr[kwfbl;aemf
olu toufeSpfq,fyJ&Sdao;wm
NyD;awmh Adkufuif;wpfa,mufyJ
igajymcsifwmu 'Dxufqdk;wJh aygif;pyfrIrsdK;&Sdedkifwmvm;
acgif;rmrIeJY todOmPfr&SdrIudk igpOf;pm;vdkufwJhtcsdefrSm
tJh'daeYudk rif;udkjyefoGm;awGUwmyJ
odyfrajymif;vJao;ygbl;
ol b,fvdkyHkpHvJqdkwm rif;odygw,f
olt&IH;ay;rSmr[kwfbl; a*:bm
igwdkY [ufuyf udk&SmrawGUcifrSm
ol '&m*dkudk&SmawGUoGm;&if
edkufzsL&D tem;rSm&SdaeorQ
[pfuyfudk b,folrSxdcdkufatmifrvkyfedkifygbl;
tJh'g edkufzsL&DyJav
olwdkYudkvdkuf&Smyg pul;c&uf&Sm
olwdkYudkvdkuf&Smyg
aeygtkef; cPav;apmifhygtkef;
-'Dbuf -'Dudkvmygtkef;
-vmyg -cifAsm; 'DvdkajymNyD;
xGufajy;vdkYr&bl;av
cifAsm;u uRefawmfhtarvm;
uRefawmfajymcsifwmu
cifAsm; b,fvdkvkyfNyD;'Davmuf&l;oGyfoGm;wmvJ
jrefjrefvmyg
uRefawmfar;p&mawG&Sdaew,f
'DavmuftcsdefawGtMumMuD; cifAsm;
b,fudka&mufaewmvJ
cifAsm; bmawGvkyfaecJhwmvJ
'gayr,fh cifAsm;aoqHk;oGm;NyDvdkY olwdkUuajymMuwmyJ
cifAsm; e*g;tpm;cHvdkuf&w,fvdkY vlwdkif;uxifaeMuwm
cifAsm; 'DrSm eSpfaygif;eSpfq,fawmif aeaecJhwmvm;
cifAsm; olwkdYudku,fwifxm;wmyJ
r,HkMunfekdifp&myJ
-rif;pdwfrqdk;bl;vm; -bmudkvJ
[ifhtif; uRefawmfrodbl;
uRefawmfhem;vnfedkifzdkY tcsdefenf;enf;vdkao;w,f
'Dvdk Murf;wrf;wJh wuf<uwJh e*g;awG&JUrdcif
wpfa,muftjzpf uRefawmfhtarudkpdwful;,Ofxm;cJhwmr[kwfbl;av
aumif;NyD
tenf;qHk;awmh igujiD;aiGUp&mraumif;bl;rvm;
aumif;NyD 'DrSm t&rf;udkxl;jcm;wJh
t&mwpfck&Sdw,fvdkYxifwmyJ
rif; 'gudkoabmusvm;
uRefawmf
uRefawmf uRefawmf
ajymp&mpum;r&Sdbl;
ig MunfhvdkY&rvm;
tdk; olut&rf;vSwmyJ
r,HkMunfekdifp&myJ
oluorsdK;pdwf&JUaemufqHk;vufusefjzpfedkifw,f
Munfhygtkef;
olu rif;eJYtoufcsif;twlwlyJ
rif;'Davmufaumif;aumif;xdef;aMumif;edkifwm tHhMop&mr&Sdawmhygbl;
[kwfvm; [kwfvm;
NyD;awmh qGJ,ledkifpGrf;tm;&SdwJhoGm;awG
rif;b,fvdkvkyfNyD;
uRefawmf olUudkawmxJrSmawGUcJhw,f
ypfcscH&NyD; 'Pf&m&aewm
'Dupeufzfzef u '&m*dkbvuf'fApf&JU
oHaxmufajcmufawGxJrSm ajcwpfzufqHk;&HI;cJh&wmav
'Du &def;uwfwmuawmh
bvdwf"g;ydkufuGefawGaMumifh tawmifyHjywfcJhwmav
NyD;awmh 'Duoem;p&maumif;wJh a[mhbvD*&rfuawmh
opfyifnTefYuGif;eJYrdNyD; rsufvHk;uef;um
aoqHk;atmifxm;ypfcHcJh&wmav NyD;awmh t&rf;udkaMumuf&GHUaecJhwm
Nyd;awmh 'Dwpfaumifua&m
'&m&dk vm; olU&JUaxmifajcmufqifolawG vkyfcJhwmvm;
tif;
aumif;NyD pdwfysufp&maumif;wmu
uRefawmfyJ olUudkypfcscJhwmyg
a[h 'gutdkauygw,f
olvnf; uRefawmfhudkjyefvufpm;acscJhwmyJ
[kwfw,frvm; aumifav;
rif;ighudk tvHk;pHkcsefxm;cJhwmr[kwfbl;rvm;
rif;vnf; ighudkvkyfcJhwmyJ
'Dawmh ikwf&dkufxm;wJhajcaxmufav;eJY
rif;&JU edkufzsL&DrdwfaqGav;udka&m rif;tazu b,fvdkxifvJ
ol aumif;aumif;vufrcHcJhygbl;
'gayr,fh olajymif;vJoGm;cJhygw,f
olwdkYtm;vHk;ajymif;vJukefMuwmyJ
odyfrMumcifrSmyJ
vlwdkif; olwdkY&JU udk,fydkiftdrfeJY e*g;av;awGjyef&awmhrSmyg
jzpfedkifcJhr,fqdk&ifaygh
rjzpfedkifbl;
ighudk,Hkyg igvnf;MudK;pm;cJhwmyJ
'gayr,fh vlawGuajymif;vJedkifpGrf;r&Sdbl; [pfuwf
igwkdYxJutcsdKUvlawGu
uGJjym;jcm;em;pGmarG;zGmvmcJhMuwmav
bufcfu owfjzwfjcif;e,fajrwpfckyJ
'grSr[kwf owfjzwfcH&edkifwJhe,fajryJ
'gayr,fh jidrf;csrf;a&;qdkwmvnf; &edkifygw,fvdkY,HkMunfcJhw,f
&yfprf; ydkqdk;oGm;atmifyJ vkyfrdvdrfhr,f
tJh'drSmvlMudKufrrsm;wJhtjrifwpfck&SdcJhw,f
[pfuyf
wpfnrSm
e*g;wpfaumif[m igwdkYtdrfxJcsdK;azmuf0ifa&mufvmNyD; rif;udk ykcufxJrSm
awGUoGm;w,f
rif;udk umuG,fzdkYigajy;vmcJhw,f
'gayr,fh ig,HkMunfwJht&mtm;vHk;7JU vufawGUuswJht&mwpfckudk igawGUvdkuf&w,f
'gu qdk;&Gm;wJhraumif;qdk;0g;MuD;r[kwfygbl;
'gayr,fh igh&JU0dOmnfudka&mifjyef[wfcJhwJh
todOmPfjrifhrm;NyD; odrfarGUwJhowÅ0gwpfaumifyJ
-aAmfum ajy;awmh -rvkyfeJY rvkyfygeJY
xdef;xm;
rvkyfeJY pwdk&pf
aAmfum
pwdk&pf
aAmfum
tJh'dnu rif;&JU rif;taz&JU aoqHk;cgeD;av;yJ
ig e*g;wpfaumifudkrowfcJhwmaMumifhaygh
rdom;pkxJ ajy;0ifvmcJhw,f
ta0;rSmcGJaezdkYqdkwmu igh&JUeSvHk;om;udkaMurGapygw,f
'gayr,fh ighta0;rSmaeae&if rif;vHkjcHKr,fqdkwmukd ,HkMunfw,f
cifAsm; b,fvdktouf&SifcJhwmvJ
uavmuf*srf;ygu ighudkxdcdkufatmifvkyfzkdY r&nf&G,fcJhygbl;
MuD;us,f&IyfaxG;crf;em;wJhwd&pämefawGtv,futdrfrSmyJ
ig &Sdaeoifhw,fvdkY olawG;cJhrSmaocsmygw,f
NyD;awmh t,fzgrsdK;pdwfawG
rsdK;okOf;aysmufuG,fvkrwufjzpfaewJh
rsdK;pdwfawGaygh
todkuftjrHKwdkif;rSm bk&ifrqdkwm&Sdygw,f
'gayr,fh 'guawmh e*g;awGtm;vHk;&JU bk&ifyJ
a&cJeHYoif;aewJhtouf&IEIef;eJY
ae&mwdkif;u e*g;awGtwGuf vHkjcHKwJhaumif;uifbHkjzpfwJh igwdkY&JUtodkuftjrHKtwGuf
aus;Zl;w&m;MuD;rm;wJhtaumifMuD;yJ
cP 'Daumifu a&cJrIwfwmvm;
ysufpD;rIawGtm;vHk;twGuf
olUrSmwm0ef&Sdaewmvm;
ol igwdkYukdumuG,faewmyg
igwdkYtm;vHk;olU&JUapmifha&SmufrIeJY
oltrdefYatmufrSmaexdkifw,f
tm;vHk;ygyJ 'gayr,fh uav;awGuawmh
b,folajymwmrSem;raxmifbl;av
olwdkY&JUvQdKU0SufcsufawGudk&SmazG&if; igolwdkYMum;rSm
eSpfaygif;eSpfq,fawmifaexdkifcJhwmyJ [pfuyf
ol rif;udkoabmusaew,f
0dk;
rif; qmavmifaerSmyJ
tif; uRefawmfpm;vdkY&ygw,f
aumif;w,f
tpm;pm;&r,fhtcsdefyJ
ig 'gudkoabmrusbl;
olwdkYckcsdefqdk [pfuyfeJY jyefvmoifhaeNyD
iga&moabmrusbl;
tD&wf tD&wf&JUom;u
ightdrfrufawG&JU t&SifocifyJ
ightwGufta&;MuD;qHk;yJ
'gayr,fh abbD igrif;twGuf rIwfqdwfarT;awGxm;cJhwmav
iga&myJ
'&m*dk olwkdYudkypfcsvkduf&ifb,fvdkvkyfrvJ
olwdkY igwdkY&JUtultnDudkvdkaew,fqdk&ifa&m
olwdkUudkvdkuf&Sm&r,f
aetkef; aetkef; bmvJ
r[kwfao;bl; 'gayr,fh pwkd&pfcfajymoGm;wmu
olwdkYtm;vHk; tzrf;cHae&r,fqdk&if
olajymcJhwJhpum;uta&;rygawmhygbl;
vmMu
igwdkYjyefoGm;Murvm;
igwdkYrSm oGm;p&mae&mvnf;r&Sdbl;
a&mifp&mvnf;r&Sdbl; igwdkYudk,fwdkifawmif
emrnfwyfp&mr&Sdawmhbl;
tD&wf igwdkY e*g;awGeJY
tjrefqHk;jyefrvSnfhvmbl;qdk&if
owdxm;NyD;awmh qkawmif;yg
-wpfckckvkyfygtkef; -tD&wf tD&wf&JUom;
uRefrwdkY&SifhudkvGrf;aerSmyg tD&pf
'g bmoabmvJ
jyefay;qGJwmav
ol igeJYtwlysHoef;vdkY&vm; &vm;vdkY
'&m*dk qDoGm;wJhvrf;udk &Sif uRefrwdkYudkjy&r,f
NyD;awmh '&m*dkpcef;xJudk
e*g;pD;eif;olawG0ifa&mufekdifatmifulnD&rSmvm;
ighudkckcsufcsif;yJowfvkdufygawmh
'gu pDpOfvdkY&ygw,f
pwGef;zvdkif; ypfcsvkduf
awmfvkdufwJhaumifrav;
pwGef;zvdkif; vdkufq,f
aumif;NyD
tdkau igeifwdkYudk'&m*dk qDac:oGm;r,f
tNrJwrf; tvkyfjzpfwmyJ
uRefawmfwdkY tpm;oGm;pm;r,fvdkYxifxm;wm
[kwfygw,f
NyD;awmh e*g;uRef;uae uRefawmf 'DuRef;pkudkawGUcJhwm
'DrSm
ig 'Dtay:udka&mufNyDqdkwmeJY
tat;"gwfudkawmifrcHpm;&awmhbl;
igcHpm;ae&wmuawmh
vGwfvyfrIyJ
'gu e*g;jzpf&wJh
b0yJ [pfuyf
udk,fhudkudk,f e*g;wpfaumifvdkYowfrSwfzdkY
tm;vHk;u tqifajyw,f
'gayr,fh tarysHedkifvdkYvm;
aoawmhrvdkYyJ
'Dvdktcsdefav;awGydkifqdkif&ygNyD
r,HkMunfedkifp&mygyJ
aumif;ygNyD tarhvnf;rqdk;ygbl;
wpfcsdefvHk; rif; ighudkvdkuf&SmaecJhw,f
NyD;awmh
igu b,frSma&mufaecJhwmvJ
igawmif;yefygw,f [pfuyf
igwkdYjyefpwifvdkY&rvm;
ighudkaemufxyftcGifhta&;wpfckay;edkifrvm;
eSpfaygif;eSpfq,fvHk; igavhvmcJhwJht&mawGudk
rif;udkoifay;vdkY&ygw,f
'DvdkrsdK;awGaygh
tck rif;wif;wif;usyfusyfvSnfhywfvdkY&oGm;NyD
tar 'gawGudkodaewmvm;
e*g;wkdif;rSm
vQdKU0Sufcsuf&Sdw,f NyD;awmh
tJh'dt&mawGtm;vHk;udk rif;udkjyor,f
tod&cufcJwJht&mawGtm;vHk;udk odatmifvkyfMur,f
aemufqHk;usef&Sdaeao;wJh rsdK;pdwfawGudk om;trdawGvdkrsdK; &SmazGMur,f
'Dvdkt&mawG igwdkYrQa0MuwmyJ [pfuyf
'gu igwdkYudkcsnfaeSmifay;wm
'gu rif;&JUjzpfwnf&myJ om;av;
igwdkY&JUjzpfwnf&myJ
e*g;awGtm;vHk;twGuf urÇmMuD;udkajymif;vJMur,f
ydkNyD;jynfhhpHkvHkjcHKwJhae&mav;zefwD;Mur,f
[kwfygNyD uRefawmfajymcsifwmu
wu,fudktHhMop&mygyJ
'gu wu,fudkcrf;em;wmyJ
tck tareJU uRefawmfeJY '&m*dkqD pum;oGm;ajymvdkY&NyD
bmvJ
'&m*dk udkoGm;ajymp&mtaMumif;r&Sdygbl;
-'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYoGm;ajym&r,fav -r[kwfao;bl;
igwdkYudk,fhudkyJ umuG,f&r,f
vm
igwdkY jyefoifhNyD
tdkau rif;wdkYudkvdkufydkYNyD;NyD
tck ighudkvTwfay;awmh
e*g;awGqDu upm;p&mudkb,fawmhrSvkr,lygeJY
bmrSrodbl;vm;
bmaMumifh ighudk'Dvdkqufxm;xm;wmvJ
atmufubmawGvJ
MuD;rm;wJhqyfjymylazmif;tcsif;0ufawG
MuD;rm;wJhtqkwfawG
a&at;at;rSm aexdkifwJholawG
{&mrowÅ0gMuD;ig;aumif
ajcmufaumif;vnf;jzpfedkifw,f
rpfvuf*f bmjzpfwmvJaumifrav; [Gwfcfzef*f bmjzpfwmvJ
rvIyfeJY
'&m*dk
ighudkvTwfprf;
tNrJudkawGU&wm0rf;omygw,f oli,fcsif;
'DrSm aEG;aEG;axG;axG;yJvm;
aumif;NyD rif;jrifwJhtwdkif;yJ e*g;aumiftopfawGeJY
iguwday;cJhovdk
tcsdefrDa&mufvmcJhwmyJ
-'Daumifedk;vmNyD -MudK;awGcsvdkuf
'DudkvmulnDygtkef;
owdxm;
MudK;awGcsxm;vkduf
-[Gwfzef*f -a[h
&Sif bmvkyfaewmvJ
rif;udk tck
igydkifoGm;NyD
NyD;awmh tydkxyfaqmif;ay;wJhtaeeJY
'DaumifMuD;awG&JUpD;eif;olawGudkvnf; ig zrf;vmcJhw,f
-ydkufqHydkay;p&mrvdkygbl; -bm
&Sif uRefrudkaemufaewmvm;
'gayr,fh &Sifut&rf;awmfwmyJ
tjyifS olwdkYwpfzGJUvHk;xGufvmNyD
olwdkYwdkufcdkufcJhMuwm
b,feSpfa,mufvJ
bmyJjzpfjzpf '&m*dk olwdkYudkrrdxm;ao;bl;
-b,feSpfa,mufvJ -wpf&m
uRef;wpfckvHk;jynfhaeNyD
'DtwGuf pdwfrylygbl;
igwdkYpum;ajymaewJhtcsdefrSmyJ igh&JUvlawG olwdkYudkvdkufzrf;aeygNyD
rif; ykef;atmif;aewJhae&mudk olwdkYodrSmr[kwfygbl;
ig uwday;ygw,f
olwdkY odMurSmyg uRefrwdkYaysmufaewmudk olwdkYodw,f
NyD;awmh olwdkYe*g;awGudkajc&mcHvmrSmyJ
&Sif uRefrwdkYudkeSdyfpufoavmuf [pfuyfu jyefNyD;awmhvufpm;acsrSmyJ
-[pfuyf [kwfvm; -'Daumifav;u jyóemr&Sdygbl;
wu,fyg igajymwm,Hkyg
olu pwdk&pfcf&JU wpfOD;wnf;aomom;
bufcf&JU xD;eef;udkqufcHr,fhol
NyD;awmhurÇmMuD;xJu tawmfqHk;e*g;q&myJ
e*g;q&m[kwfvm;
igwpfa,mufwnf;yJ
e*g;awGudkxdef;csKyfedkifwmyg
-r[kwfygbl; -aqm&D;
NyD;awmh&Sif uRefrwdkYudkckrvTwfay;bl;qdk&if
ol 'DudkolU&JUedkufzsL&DeJYa&mufvmNyD;
&Sifh&JUoabmFawGtm;vHk;udk xif;pawGjzpfatmif
vkyfypfvdrfhr,f
'gqdk olwdkYuav;av;awGvdk idkaeMuawmhrSmyJ
&,fp&myJ NyD;awmh vSrSmyg
aumif;w,f abbD
uav;awGvdkrsdK; olwdkYtNrJidkaerSmyJ
wu,fudkao;i,fwJht&myJ
yxru tJh'drSmpD;eif;olwpfa,mufyJ&Sdw,f
NyD;awmh tm;vHk;ubufcfrSmvm;
NyD;awmh rif;olwdkYudkighqDac:aqmifvmcJhw,f
'&m*dk
jyifqifaewmtm;vHk;&yfyg
igwdkY e*g;todkufudkwpfcgwnf; wdkufcdkuf&r,f
olwdkY&JU t,fzgudkacsrIef;Mur,f
NyD;&if igwdkY bufcfudkodrf;ydkufr,f
'&m*dk
NyD;awmh olUudk&Sif;vkdufawmh
'&m*dk awmif;yefygw,f
pwGefzvdkif;
rvkyfeJY
aumif;NyD aumifav;
igwdkY 'Dae&mudk '&m*dk wdkufcdkufvmrSmudkxdkifapmifhaevdkYrjzpfbl;
igwdkY olUudkt&ifqHk;vdkuf&Sm&r,f
oGm;&atmif
at;aq;vkyfyg
taz aemufaewmvm; 'Dudkb,fvdkvkyfNyD;a&mufvmwmvJ
rif;udkigwdkYac:xkwfoGm;r,fh vrf;eJYwlwlyJ
-igwdkY[kwfvm; -&Sif;w,f
wGwfvyfpf vm aeygtkef; apmifhtkef;
tdkau taz 'DrSm tazodrSjzpfr,fh
-t&mawG&Sdao;w,f -[kwfygw,f vrf;a&mufrSajymyg
aumif;NyD 'guvrf;ay:rSajymjyvdkY&r,fht&mrsdK;r[kwfbl;
ig Mum;cJhNyD;oGm;NyD [pfuyf
urÇmMud;wkefcgvmav
t&m&mwkdif;wdk;wufvmavygyJ
[kwfw,f tpktyHkMum;xJrSmxnfhxm;vdkufawmh
[kwfygNyD uRefawmf
taz udk uRefawmft&ifuajymcJhzl;wJh tHhMop&mrsdK;r[kwfbl;
'Dwpfckudkawmh tazoabmusrSmyg uwday;ygw,f
taz 'gudkodrfhodrfharGUarGUav;udkifwG,f&r,f
'Dawmh
'Dwpfckudkawmhrif;ajz&Sif;csifavmufygw,f
aumifav;
taz
taz 'gudktxJjyefxnfhvkdufyghvm;
&Sifajymr,fhpum;awGudkuRefrodw,f pwdk&pfcf
uRefrbmaMumifh'DvdkvkyfcJhwmvJ
eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm ta0;MuD;rSmaeaecJhNyD
bmaMumifh ighqDudkjyefrvm&wmvJ
uRefrwdkY&JUom;qDudkvm;
aumif;ygNyD
uRefr &Sifhudkajymif;vJvdkY&edkifwJh
b,fvdkt&dyfta,mifrsdK;awGUcJh&vdkYvJ pwdk&pfcf
bufcfu vlawGa&majymif;vJedkifcJh&JUvm;
wdkufcdkufaewmawG aemufxyf
tajz&SmaewmawG&yfwefYzdk uRefr&Sifhudk Mudrfaygif;rsm;pGmawmif;qdkcJhw,f
'gayr,fh &Sifem;axmifcJh&JUvm;
'gaMumifh igtdrfaxmifrjyKwmyJ
'Dwpfck&,f NyD;awmufaemufwpfck&,faMumifhaygh
[pfuyfudk jyKpkysdK;axmifzdkY
&Sifhwpfa,mufwnf;xm;cJhwmudk uRefrodygw,f
'gayr,fh uRefrr&Sd&if olydktqifajyr,fvdkY xifcJhvdkYyg
NyD;awmh uRefrrSm;,Gif;cJhw,f
tck uRefr'gudkodoGm;ygNyD 'gayr,fh
vpfvsL&IwwfwJhvlwpfa,mufyHkpHvkyfraeygeJY pwdk&pfcf
vkyfyg atmf[pfprf;yg
wpfckckajymygtkef;
rif; ighudkxm;oGm;cJhwJhaeY&ufwkef;uvdkyJ acsmarmvSyaewkef;yJaemf
a&TUprf;
'DaeYav;u 'DxyfydkNyD;qdk;&Gm;edkifao;vm;
trf Munfhvdkuftkef;r,f
igwdkY a&cJorQat;aewJha&xJckefcs&r,f
NyD;&if a&epfNyD;ao&r,f
tm;wufzG,f&mygyJ
vkyfyg trsdK;orD;udkOD;pm;ay;&rSmaygh
&Sifu e*g;awG&JU trsufa'goawG
pkaygif;cH&r,fholyJ
tjcm;vlawGudk owday;vdrfhr,f olwdkYudkwm;prf; tD&wf&JUom;av;
'gudk,lxm;
tdkau &SifhudkxyfoabmusoGm;jyefNyD
tdk; oem;p&myJ
eif ckefcsvdkY&ygao;w,f
'Dawmh igwdkYrif;&JUe*g;awGudku,fwifNyD;
'Du xGufoGm;r,fhr[kwfvm;
axmifajcmufawGtm;vHk;udkppfyg
olwdkY wpfae&m&mrSm&SdaerSmyJ
rpfvuf*f
wpfa,mufa,mufvmaevm;
igvnf;rodbl; eifvkyfp&m&Sdwmudk qufvkyfyg
qufvSnfhxm;
igh&JUtoufudku,fcJhwJhtwGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f
tck rif;udkjyefNyD;awmhulnDyg&ap
tar 'gudkrSwfrdrSmr[kwfbl;
uRefawmfwdkY vufeufawGjyKvkyfwJhae&mav
tck uRefawmfwdkYukef;eSD;awGudkawmifwnfaqmufaeMuNyD
awmifyHhypfcswJh[mawG
uRefawmfwdkY e*g;awG&JUoGm;awGudkawmif jyifqifekdifNyD
ajymif;vJcJhwJht&mtm;vHk;udk ,Hkawmif,HkekdifrSmr[kwfbl;
rif;&JUom;u tppt&m&maumif;zdkYtwGuf bufcfudkajymif;vJcJhwmyg
'DwpfckeJY igwdkYaumif;aumif;vkyfcJhw,fxifwmyJ Aef
aus;Zl;yJ taz
&NyD
uRefr
tavhtusifhr&Sdbl;jzpfaew,f
aumif;ygNyD eifodygw,f
[if;csufzdkYtwGuf ig rif;udkvufxyfcJhwmrSr[kwfwm
iguawmhtJhvdkrxifbl;
olU&JU tom;pOf;aumvHk;awGu ppfyGJuykqdefawGxuf
owÅ0gawGudkydkowfjzwfcJhwmyJ
'DrSm igvkyfp&mav;&Sdaeao;w,f
NyD;awmh tarh&JUe*g;awGtm;vHk;eJY tarjyefvmwmeJY
e*g;tdkMuD;awG tcGifhta&;&SdawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
tm;vHk;tqifajyoGm;rSmyg
jznf;jznf;vkyfyg om;&,f
vkyfp&mawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdao;w,f
tdk; odNyD
ig 'DtoHav;udkoabmusw,f
igwdkY&JUoDcsif;udkrSwfrd&JUvm; Aef
a*:bm
NyD;NyD
igwdkYaemufwpfMudrf ucGifhr&cif aoqHk;awmhr,fvdkY xifxm;cJHwm
'gawG rvdktyfygbl;
rif;twGufyg cspf&,f
t&mtm;vHk;aygh
tdrfudkjyefvmawmhrSmvm; Aef
igh&JUZeD;tjzpfjyef&SifoefawmhrSmvm;
igwdkY rdom;pkwpfckjzpfedkifygw,f
rif;bmajymtkef;rvJ
aumif;ygNyD
tif;
aumif;w,f ig [if;csufr,fa[h
tdk'if rif; igajymwmudkem;raxmifcJhwJhtwGufaus;Zl;yJ
igwdkY wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf b,fawmhrSawGUawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
wGwfvyfpf vm;
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
rjzpfekdifbl;
Aef
Aef tqifajyygw,f bmrSrjzpfygbl;
igwdkYtckwpfzGJUwnf;jzpfoGm;NyDav
tck rif;bmvkyfcsifvJ
uRefrwkdY e*g;awGudku,fwif&r,f
[kwfNyD &NyD vmcJhom;av;
usnfjznfh
ypf
ypf ypf
bmyJxGufvmvm awmifay:udkqufypfxm;
igwdkY t,fzgudktjyifa&mufvmatmifvkyf&r,f
axmifajcmufawGtoifhjyif
tHhMop&myJ
[kwfw,f
bmvJ
rif;wdkY tHhMop&mawGeJYjynfhaewmyJ
oGm;r,f
e*g;pD;eif;olawG vmaeNyD
ypf
owdxm;
olwdkYudkypfcsprf;
tD&wf tD&wf&JUom;
wuf aumifrav;
b,fbufoGm; tD&wf
'gyJ
tufpx&pf owdxm;
[kwfNyD aumifav;
olwdkYudkypfcsprf;
tay:Munhf
e*g;q&m
edkifiH&yfjcm;uaeMudKqdkygw,f e*g;pD;eif;olwdkY
aus;Zl;yJ
eif b,foGm;aewmvJ
eifodygw,f igh&JUtarheJYoGm;awGUaewmav
'gueifh&JUtarvm;
aumif;NyD tck igh&JUtvdktavsmufodjrifpGrf; &vmwJhae&mudkeifodygw,f
t,fzg
tck igwdkYwdkufcdkufvdkY&NyD
vkyfxm; wGwfvyfpf
rif;&JUtpGrf;udkolwdkYudkjyvkdufprf;
tufwmbdGKif;
ig 'DtwGuftcsdeftMumMuD;apmifhaecJh&wmyJ
uRefrwdkU&JU e*g;awGudk&Sifr,laqmifedkifygbl;
olwdkYudk t,fzguxdef;csKyfxm;wmyJ
'gqdk&ifvnf; pdefac:zdkYtwGuftaumif;qHk;yJaygh
aemufwpfaumifvm;
'gu tqifhwpfq,fyJ tqifhwpfq,f
owdxm;
-rjzpfekdifbl; -vkyfyg t,fzgudkacsrIef;vdkufyg
aus;Zl;yJ
rif;twGuf
t&mtm;vHk;ay;qyfxm;wmyg
Aef rif; olwdkYudkwm;qD;ekdifr,fvdkYxifvm;
uRefrtaumif;qHk;vkyfyghr,f vm uavmuf*srf;yg
rif;
rif; rD;awGavmifuRrf;aewmudkigapmifhMunfhaecJhwmyJ
ighudkowfzdkY rD;enf;enf;xyfvdkao;w,f
pwdk&pfcf
igwdkY tedkif&NyD
tck
olUudk tqHk;owfvkdufawmh
rvkyfeJY
aetkef;
pul;c&uf&Sm oGm;r,f
vm a*:bm
rif;aemufrSm&Sdw,f pwdk&pfcf
rvkyfeJY
&yfprf;
'gu MuD;us,fcrf;em;wJhe*g;q&mvm;
pwdk&pfcf&JU om;vm;
olawmh t&Suf&aerSmyJ
'DqHk;&HI;rIawGtm;vHk;u
bmtwGufvJ
&yfwefYvdkYr&ekdifwJholwpfa,mufjzpfzkdYvm;
urÇmMuD;udktkyfpdk;zdkYvm;
e*g;awGu vlawGeJYtwlwuGaexdkifedkifwJh
tHhMop&mowÅ0gMuD;awGyg
'grSr[kwf olwdkYudkwpfppDqGJpkwfypf&r,f
igh&JUrdom;pk zrf;qD;cHvdkuf&wmudkMunfhae&wm
igh&JU&GmMuD;rD;awGavmifuRrf;aewmudkMunfhae&wm
taMumufw&m;eJY aexdkifae&wmu
b,fvdkvJqdkwm igodw,f
'gayr,fh uav;wpfa,muftaeeJY
bmrSrusefcJhbl;
e*g;awG&JUtaMumufw&m;udk
ausmfvTm;edkifzdkY 'DurÇmMuD;xJu
vlom;awGudkvGwfvyfcGifhay;zdkY igopömqdkcJhw,f
'gqdk&ifbmaMumifh e*g;ppfwyfMuD;zGJUpnf;ae&wmvJ
aumif;NyD aemufxyfe*g;awGudktedkif&zdkY rif; e*g;awGudkvkdtyfw,f
'grSr[kwf cifAsm; tjcm;vlawGudktedkif,lzdkY
cifAsm;&JUaemufvkdufawGudkxdef;csKyfzdkY
NyD;awmh rvdkufemwJholawGudk&Sif;ypfzdkY cifAsm; e*g;awGudkvdktyfaewmyg
awmfvdkufwJhaumifav;
urÇmMud;u jidrf;csrf;a&;udkyJvdkcsifwmyg
NyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkY bufcfudkvnf; jyeftajzay;&tkef;r,f
cifAsm;udkjyyg&ap
r[kwfao;bl;
ig rif;udk
jyr,f
bmvJ
[pfuyf
vmcJh a*:bm
tdkau tpDpOfajymif;oGm;NyD
e*g;wpfaumifrS t,fzg&JUtrdefYudk rvGefqefedkifygbl;
'Dawmh olut,fzgudktedkif,lvkdufawmh
olwdkYtm;vHk;udkxdef;csKyfrSmaygh
wGwfvyfpf
wGwfvyfpf aumifav;tqifajy&JUvm; bmjzpfaewmvJ
ppfrSefaomcGeftm;&JU rsufjrifoufaotaeeJY
tjcm;t&mawGukdzHk;vTrf;edkifr,fh cGeftm;
tJh'dt&meJY &ifqdkif&wJhtcsdefrSm
rif;u bmrSr[kwfawmhbl;
ol rif;udkbmajymvdkufwmvJ
wGwfvyfpf vkyfyg
rif; bmjzpfaewmvJ
rvkyfeJY rvkyfygeJY rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ
xm;vdkufprf;yg
&yfprf;
wGwfvyfpf rvkyfeJY
wGwfvyfpf
-rvkyfeJY -[pfuyf
-rvkyfeJY -om;av;
taz
rvkyfeJY
taz
pwdk&pfcf
taz
rjzpfedkifbl;
rvmeJY ighem;uxGufoGm;prf;
oGm;yg 'DuxGufoGm;prf;
xGufoGm;
olU&JUtrSm;r[kwfygbl;
rif; 'gudkodygw,f
,Ofaus;wJhe*g;awG[m
raumif;wJholawG&JU xdef;csKyfrIatmufa&mufoGm;NyD
-roGm;eJY aetkef; -raumif;wJht&mudkvkyfaewmyJ
vkyfprf;
vlpkNyD; ighudkbufcfrSmvmawGUyg
wGwfvyfpf rvkyfeJY
AefuD&m;awG rif;ukdMudKqdkygap
MuD;us,fwJhtkd'pfppfajrjyifudk ac:aqmifoGm;ygap
Aef[mvm uae igwdkYMum;edkifatmif
olwdkYrif;&JUemrnfudk cspfjcif; trsufa'goawGeJY oDqdkygap
NyD;awmh bk&ifawG&JUpm;yGJrSm rif; w&m;rQwpGmaqmif&GufcJhw,fqdkwm
odygw,f
MuD;us,fcrf;em;wJholwpfa,mufusqHk;cJhwJhtwGuf
ppfol&Jaumif;wpfa,muf
acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf
zcifwpfa,muf
rdwfaqGwpfa,muf
uRefawmfawmif;yefygw,f taz
uRefawmfu tazjzpfapcsifcJhwJh
acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufr[kwfygbl;
uRefawmfudk,f uRefawmfxifxm;wJh jidrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;olwpfa,mufvnf;r[kwfbl;
uRefawmfvnf; rodawmhbl;
rif;u 'DurÇmMuD;udktcsdefapmNyD;a&mufvmcJhwmyg
rif;u Mum&SnfrcHedkifwJht&mav;wpfckvdkyJ
t&rf;udkeke,fvGef;w,f txdtcdkufvnf;rcHedkifbl;
rif; ausmfjzwfedkifrSmr[kwfbl;vdkY igpdk;&drfcJhw,f
'gayr,fh rif;&JUtazuawmh
oHo,awmifr0ifcJhbl;
rif;u tm;vHk;xufoefrmwJholwpfa,muf jzpfvmvdrfhr,fvdkY oltNrJajymcJhwmyJ
NyD;awmh olajymwmrSefcJhwmyJ
rif;rSm e*g;awG&JU0dOmnfeJY
acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf&JUeSvHk;om;&Sdw,f
igwdkY&JUurÇmudkrif;wpfa,mufwnf;yJ aygif;pnf;ay;edkifr,f
'gu rif;&JUjzpfwnf&myJ om;av;
uRefawmf
uRefawmftazvdkjzpfvmrSmudk uRefawmft&rf;aMumuf&GHUcJhwmyJ
uRefawmf rvkyfaqmifedkifrSmudkawG;NyD;awmhaygh
'DvdkMuD;us,fcrf;em;wJYol &J&ifhwJhol
twÅuif;olwpfa,muf
b,fvdkvkyfNyD;jzpfvmwmvJ
MudK;pm;MunfhvdkYyJ&r,fvdkYxifwmyJ
acgif;aqmifawGu udk,fh&JUjynfolawGudkumuG,fw,f
uRefawmfwdkYjyefoGm;Mur,f
-bmeJYvJ -ol e*g;awGtm;vHk;ac:aqmifoGm;NyDav
tm;vHk;r[kwfygbl;
ig raocsifao;bl;
igwdkY 'Daumifav;awGeJYysHoef;vdkYrjzpfbl;
[kwfw,f aemufaewmr[kwfbl;
'gayr,fh &IyfaxG;qef;jym;wJhaumifMuD;awGu
'Daumifav;awGudk xdef;csKyfwmr[kwfbl;vm;
olwdkYuav;awGyJ&Sdao;w,f olwdkY b,folUpum;rSem;axmifrSmr[kwfbl;
[kwfw,f igwdkYvdkrsdK;yJav
'gu t&rf;tEÅ&m,frsm;w,faemf
'gu qdk;&Gm;wJh
pdwful;yJqdkwmwpfa,mufa,muftMuHjyKoifhw,f
igwpfcgrSem;raxmifcJhzl;wJh aumif;jrwfwJhpum;yJ
'Dawmh
rif;&JU tpDpOfu
b,fvdkvJ
wGwfvyfpfudk jyef,lr,f NyD;awmh '&*dkudk
uefxkwfypfr,f
NyD;awmh 'gu
'Daumifu xl;cRefwJhaumifav;yJ
y&dabm*awGudk owdxm;ygtkef;
rif;b,foGm;rvdkYvJ
rif;wdkY&JUacgif;aqmif aoqHk;oGm;NyD
-pwdk&pfcfvm; -rjzpfekdifygbl;
tckrif;wkdYudk b,folrSrumuG,fedkifawmhbl;
ol e*g;awGtm;vHk;udkzrf;qD;aeNyD
t,fzgudk tm&HkvTJxm;
wGwfvyfpfudk tm&Hkrpdkufrdatmifvkyfxm;
b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ
rif; eJY twlpD;eif;aewJholukdarhoGm;NyDvm;
ig r,SOfjydKifedkifwJh toufxif&Sm;&Sdaeao;wJh e*g;qkdwmr&Sdbl;
-'D wpfaumifuGJvGJ&ifaygh -aysmfp&mMuD;
a[h Munfhprf; tJh'g [pfuyfyJ
bmjzpfwmvJ
vmaeNyD
odk;rnf;aemf abbD
q,frSwf
ig tdkauygw,f
rif;u wu,fudkowfjzwfzdkYcufwJhaumifyJ
wGwfvyfpf
a[h
igyg aumifav;
igyg
ig a&mufaeNyDav aumifav;
ighqDjyefvmcJhyg
olUudk rif;rydkifawmhygbl;
olUudk t,fzgydkifoGm;NyD
'gayr,fh aus;Zl;jyKNyD; e*g;q&mMuD;
olUudkodrf;oGif;zdkYMudK;pm;Munfhygtkef;
ol 'kwd,tMudrfawmhvGJacsmfawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
'gu rif;&JUtrSm;aMumifhr[kwfygbl; aumifav;
olwdkY rif;udkjyKpm;cJhvdkYyg
rif; olUudkb,fwkef;urSxdcdkufatmifrvkyfygbl;
rif; ighudkvnf;xdcdkufatmifrvkyfygbl;
rif; b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwmvJ
vkyfyg rif;u igh&JUtcspfqHk;oli,fcsif;ygyJaumifav;
igh&JUtcspfqHk;oli,fcsif;yg
tmwmbdGKif; 'gyJaygh
ig 'DrSm&Sdw,f
awmfavmufNyD
xdef;xm;
a&mufawmhr,f aumifav; a&mufawmhr,f
wpfckckvkyfprf;
igwdkY tJh'deSpfa,mufudkcGJypf&r,f
igwkdY olUudkydwfxm;r,f wGwfvyfpf
rif;ighudk,Hkvm; aumifav;
igwdkY 'gudkvkyfedkifygw,f
rif; eJY igeJY
wpfa,mufwnf;taeeJYaygh
'gyJ
tck aemufwpfMudrfavmufMudK;pm;vdkuf&atmif
olUudkacsrIef;vkdufyg cspfav;
acsrIef;vkdufyg
xdef;csKyfxm;
olwdkYudkwm;prf; ckvkyfprf;
aemufwpfMudrfr&awmhygbl;
wGwfvyfpf tckvkyfrSmvm; 'grSr[kwf rvkyfawmhbl;vm;
vkyfxm; aumifav;
xdef;xm;
[kwfNyD igwdkYvkyfedkifcJhNyD
olUudkxdef;xm; wGwfvyfpf
tck tm;vHk;tqHk;owfoGm;ygNyD
[kwf&JUvm;
[pfuyf
ol t,fzgMuD;udkpdefac:aewmyJ
rif;udkumuG,fzdkYtwGufyg
rjzpfedkifbl; rjzpfekdifbl;
jyefwdkufav wdkufav
wdkuf
rif; bmjzpfaewmvJ
ajrjyifudkxdef;xm;
tck cifAsm;oabmaygufoGm;NyDvm;
'gu e*g;awG&JUopömw&m;eJY xdkufwefwJht&myJ
tck tqHk;owfvkduf&atmif
b,fawmhrSr&bl;
vkyfxm;
wdkufprf;
t,fzg u olwdkYtm;vHk;udkumuG,faewm
rif; ighudktNrJwrf; tHhtm;oifhapwmyJ aumifav;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
wGwfvyfpf 'gua&csdK;ovdkjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;qdkwm rif;odygw,f
eif jyefvmr,fqdkwmigodw,f eifjyefvmNyD igh&JUtvSav;
pwGefzvdkif;
tdk; igh&JUul'Jvf av;ay;yg
igh&JUrif;orD;av;ub,folvJ
aemufb,fawmhrS xGufroGm;ygeJYaemf [Gwfcfzef
rif;yJ rif; ig rif;udkvGrf;aecJhwm
tdk; b&ufzf
eifhhudkajymwmr[kwfbl;
aemufem;rSm
wu,fudk vSywJhe*g;wpfaumif&Sdao;w,f
cifAsm;u axmifajcmufqifxl;cRefolyJ
tck pul;c&uf&Smudkapmihfa&SmufzdkY
vlwpfa,mufvkdtyfaew,f
igvm;
ig*kPf,lpGmeJYpD;eif;rSmyg
tdk; rif;&JUtazvnf;
ighvdkrsdK; *kPf,laerSmyg
aus;Zl;yJ
tar 'DrSm&SdaewJhtwGuf uRefawmf wu,fudk0rf;omwmyJ
ig 'DrSmyJaerSmyg
awGUvm;
'DxJrSm&SdwmvdkY eifhudkajymcJhom;yJ
eif 'gudkvkyfaewkef;yJaemf
'gu aysmf&Tifp&mygyJ
'Dudkvm
acgif;aqmifMuD; jyefa&mufvmNyD
acgif;aqmifMuD;oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap
[kwfNyD
Y
'D&Gmav;u bufcf ygyJ
enf;enf;awmh &Iyf,Sufcwfaeedkifygw,f
NyD;awmh a&cJawGeJYzHk;aew,fav 'gayr,fh 'gu tdrfygyJ
uRefawmfwdkY&JUtdrfygyJ
uRefawmfwdkYudk wdkufcdkufcJholawG[m
oem;nmwmpdwfr&SdwJh t&l;awGygyJ
'gayr,fh olwdkUudkwm;jrpfcJhwJholawGua&m
ydkNyD;awmh qdk;wmaygh
uRefawmfwdkY[m ta&twGuftm;jzifhenf;&ifenf;r,f 'gayr,fh urÇmMuD;xJu
uRefawmfwdkYudkqefYusifwdkufcdkufedkifwJht&mtm;vHk;twGuf uRefawmfwdkY&yfwnfaewmyg
uRefawmfwdkYu jidrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;olawGyJ
NyD;awmh jznf;jznf;csif; urÇmMuD;udkajymif;vJoGm;r,f
olwdkYydkifqdkifjcif;r&SdwJht&m uRefawmfwdkYrSm&Sdygw,f
[kwfygw,f olwdkYrSmppfwyfawG&Sdygw,f
NyD;awmh olwdkYrSmppfoabmFawGvnf;&Sdw,f 'gayr,fh
uRefawmfwdkYrSm
uRefawmfwdkY&JUe*g;awG&Sdw,f